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BackgroundSleep disorder can adversely affect human physical and mental health， with important implications for socioeconomic development. And higher vocational college students are subject to various pressures and stimuli exerted by academic studies， job seeking and family socioeconomic status， which may contribute to the onset insomnia symptom or sleep disorder. ObjectiveTo discuss the sleep status and influencing factors among higher vocational college students， and to provide references for improving their sleep status. MethodsIn January and February， 2022， a stratified random sampling method was utilized to enroll 3 300 students from five higher vocational colleges in Wenjiang district of Chengdu city. All the participants were assessed using Insomnia Severity Index （ISI）， Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9） and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 （GAD-7）. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to test the correlation of ISI with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores， and the Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of insomnia symptom in higher vocational college students. ResultInsomnia symptom was detected in 81.90% （2 497 / 3 300） of higher vocational college students. The detection rate of insomnia symptom among vocational college students yielded statistical difference in terms of gender， family socioeconomic status， being an only child or having siblings， degree of psychological pressure exerted by academic studies or job seeking， amount of hours spent on Internet per day， frequency of physical exercise， and the presence or absence of anxiety symptom and depression symptom （χ2=21.032， 22.172， 8.983， 75.939， 36.781， 32.350， 54.512， 86.561， P<0.01 or 0.05）. Among higher vocational college students， ISI score was positively correlated with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores （r=0.620， 0.714， P<0.01）， and GAD-7 score was positively correlated with PHQ-9 score （r=0.824， P<0.01）. Gender， family socioeconomic status， degree of psychological pressure exerted by academic studies or job seeking， amount of hours spent on Internet per day， frequency of physical exercise， and the presence or absence of anxiety symptom and depression symptom were effective factors in predicting the insomnia symptom in higher vocational college students （P<0.01 or 0.05）. ConclusionFemale gender， average and below average family socioeconomic status， moderate-to-severe degree of psychological pressure exerted by academic studies or job seeking， spending 2~5 h， 5~7 h or >7 h on Internet per day， inadequate physical exercise and presence of depressive symptom are the risk factors for insomnia symptom in higher vocational college students.［Funded by Sichuan Provincial Primary Health Development Research Center in 2022， North Sichuan Medical College （number， SWFZ22-C-89）］
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The effect of altering the promoter region of ubiquitous chromatin-opening element (UCOE) and matrix attachment region (MAR) on stable and efficient expression of genes was investigated. Four different promoters were tested, namely, oct4 containing an enhancer region, sox2 having a CpG island, nanog having no regulatory elements, and CMV containing a CpG island and an enhancer region. Eight reporter plasmids were constructed: pOCT4-UCOE, pOCT4-MAR, pSOX2-UCOE, pSOX2-MAR, pNANOG-UCOE, pNANOG-MAR, pCMV-UCOE, and pCMV-MAR. Stable and efficient expression was observed when UCOE combined with the oct4 promoter, whereas the sox2 was the best promoter suited for MAR. Comparison of the stable clones of oct4-UCOE and sox2-MAR showed that UCOE-regulated expression is more stable and efficient than MAR-regulated expression. When CpG island-containing promoter is linked with UCOE, stable and efficient expression could be observed. These data suggest that an enhancer region in the promoter leads to high, yet unstable expression when combined with UCOE, whereas CpG islands stabilize expression. In conclusion, UCOE and MAR interact with regulatory elements on the promoter by altering the chromatin open state and chromatin loop to regulate gene expression.
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Chromatin/genetics , CpG Islands/genetics , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Regulation , Promoter Regions, Genetic/geneticsABSTRACT
In the past 20 years,molecular genetic technology has developed rapidly.The leap forward development of single-cell genetic diagnosis technologies represented by whole genome amplification combined with microarray technology or next-generation sequencing not only increased the accuracy of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) but also greatly expanded the variety and scope of detectable diseases.This paper systematically reviews the clinical application of PGD as well as recent progress of related technologies.
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The limited method demands for new technology in the management of male infertility. Raman spectroscopy is a rapid and sensitive non-invasive diagnosing technology. Raman spectroscopy was able to obtain Raman spectra from individual human sperm cells and allows for the comparison of their biochemical components, DNA and mitochondrial structure as well as epigenetic changes. This review provided an overview of the principle of each major types and discussed the progress in clinical application , indicating the potential of Raman spectroscopy as an valuable addition in assessing the quality of sperm cells for in vitro fertilization.
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Objective To investigate college students' awareness and cognition of 84 shared courses on the Internet and analyze the discrepancies between different ethnicity and majors in Xinjiang Medical University. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted with questionnaire of 1 448 students of 26 classes in Xinjiang Medical University. The survey aimed to investigate students' awareness and cognition of these In- ternet courses. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0, and the test level α=0.05. Result The hits of preventative medicine, Chinese medicine, clinical medicine and pharmacy were 19.0%, 33.3%, 35.7% and 11.9% respectively. Among the courses whose hits exceeded 50,000, clinical medicine accounted for 50%, preventive medicine for 21.4%, Chinese medicine and pharmacy for 14.3% respectively, there being no significant difference in overall hits (P>0.05). 90.1% of the surveyed students knew shared courses on the Internet, there being no difference between gender, ethnicity and profession (P>0.05). 89.8% had an accurate understanding of the concept of shared courses on the Internet, there being differences between gender and major ( χ2gender=11.013, P=0.026; χ2major=136.08, P=0.000) without significant differences in ethnicity ( χ2=11.378, P=0.497). 71.9% of the students used shared courses on the Internet as reference resources for the course study, 46.6% for the learning content, 35.5%for the understanding of other resources related to the course, 30.1% for lab-class and exercises, 10% for discussion on online course forum. The Han and Kazak students used the courses as a study, experiment and exercise tool, while the Uyghur and Kazak mainly used these for learning and discussion on the forum, there being differences in ethnicity ( χ2=26.889, P=0.001); the usage rate of the courses of preventive medicine students is higher, whereas pharmacy students relatively low, there being significant differences in major ( χ2=38.01, P=0.004). The Kazakh and Uygur students mainly used the courses to formulate learning plans, and the Han students to learn the current curriculum. 44.7% of preventive medicine students used the courses to improve their abilities, which was significantly higher than those of other majors. Only 18.4% and 1% of pharmacy students used the courses to formulate learning plans and to improve their abilities, which were both lower than those of other majors, showing ethnic and professional differences ( χ2ethnic=37.654, P=0.001; χ2major=73.68, P=0.000). Conclusion Students' awareness of shared courses on the Internet is high and their cognition is accurate. However, there are differences in the ways and purposes of the employment of the courses between different ethnicity and majors. The main reason may be related to major, the quality of the courses, as well as the lack of effec-tive supervision and evaluation system, suggesting that the management department in our university should strengthen the supervision and evaluation of the courses and give full play to the important role of shared courses on the Internet.
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Traditional Chinese medicine is the crystallization of civilization and wisdom of Chinese nation , in which the complex components exhibit unique advantages in anti-tumor therapy through multi-channel and multi-target.Through the summary of the litera-tures recently, the research on anti-tumor mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine was reviewed to provide reference for the deep re -search and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine .
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Objective:To study the preparation methods of N3-O-toluyl-flulorouracil (TFu) solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs) and chitosan modified TFu SLNs. Methods: TFu-SLNs and chitosan modified TFu-SLNs were prepared by film dispersion-homogenization methods. The morphology, particle diameter and zeta potential were detected. The preparation methods were optimized by single factor experiments and an orthogonal design, and the stability of the nanoparticles was also studied. Results: The mean diameter of TFu-SLNs was 160. 2nm, and the zeta potential was -33. 2 mV. The mean diameter of chitosan modified TFu- SLNs was 400. 3nm, and the zeta potential was +12. 87 mV. With the concentration increase of chitosan, the zeta potential was enhanced. The optimized TFu-SLNs had higher reproducibility and stability. Conclusion:The formula of TFu-SLNs is optimized by an orthogonal design to obtain the optimal formula of TFu -SLNs and chitosan modified TFu-SLNs.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the role played by acute glucagon response in the short-term intensive insulin therapy induced long-term remission of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.MethodsTen newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients( 7 males,3 females) received intensive continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion( CSII )therapy for 2 weeks.Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and hyperinsulinemia euglycemia clamp test were performed before and after CSII.Glucose infusion rate ( GIR ),acute insulin response ( AIR ) and acute glucagon response (AGR) were assessed.Long-term remission was defined as good glycaemic control without any hypoglycaemic agent (fasting plasma glucose ＜ 7.0 mmol/L 及 2 h postprandial glucose ＜ 10 mmol/L) one year after CSII.Relationship between AGR and long-term remission were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Spearman correlation analysis.Results ( 1 ) Five of the ten patients achieved long-term remission in this study.GIR and AIR in the remission group were increased significantly after CSII compared with those before CSII [ GIR ( 5.39 ± 1.76 vs 2.02 ± 0.83 )mg · kg-1 ·min-1,AIR ( mean 54.1 vs mean 3.39 ) mU · L-1 · min,P＜0.01 respectively ],however both of them were not associated with the remission.(2) AGR in the remission group was significantly higher than that in the non-remission group before CSII ( 5.10±0.60 vs 2.85 ± 1.86,P＜0.05 ) and was decreased significantly after CSII.The mean of AGR after CSII was apparently lower in the remission group than that in non-remission group (0 vs 3.04±2.00,P＜0.01 ).(3)Spearman analysis showed that AGR before CSII and its range of reduction after CSII were correlated with remission ( r for both were 0.731,P=0.016).ConclusionHigher level of AGR before CSII and greater reduction after CSII in the subjects with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes were significantly associated with long-term remission,suggesting that pancreatic α cells may play a unique role in the induction of remission of type 2 diabetes.
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Objective To investigate the possibility and utility of metformin alone or in combination with fosinopril to reduce blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.Met hods A total of 140 cases of non-diabetic essential hypertension with hyperinsulinemia were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: a group of 68 treated with metformin 500 mg tid and a group of 72 treated with fosinopril 10 mg qd.The duration of the treatment was 8 weeks.Combination therapy with the two drugs was used after 4 weeks of treatment if needed.If the target goals of systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) and /or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mm Hg were not attained 4 weeks, combination therapy with two drugs was used in either group in the next 4 weeks.The changes of blood pressure and insulin sensitivity of the two groups were observed before and after treatment.Results (1) After 4 weeks of treatment, SBP in metformin group and fosinopril group decreased by ( 13.0 ± 1.2) mm Hg and (15.4 ± 1.4) mm Hg, and DBP decreased by (9.0 ± 1.0) mm Hg and ( 10.4 ± 1.1 ) mm Hg respectively.After 8 weeks of treatment, SBP in metformin group and fosinopril group decreased by (17.8 ± 1.5) mm Hg and (20.9 ± 1.5) mm Hg, and DBP decreased by (13.2 ±0.9) mm Hg and (15.3 ± 1.1) mm Hg respectively.There was no significant difference in the decline of blood pressure between the two groups (P >0.05).The rates of combination therapy were both 54% in the two groups.(2) Fasting insulin as well as 30 min and 120 min insulin levels after oral glucose tolerance test and insulin area under the curve in the metformin group were significantly reduced after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment as compared with those of baseline(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 ) .In the fosinopril group, however, they decreased only after 8 weeks treatment (P < 0.05).The insulin action index in the metformin group was higher than that in the fosinopril group after 4 weeks of treatment (P <0.05) ,but there was no significant difference between the two groups after 8 weeks of treatment (P > 0.05).Conclusion Metformin and fosinopril have similar antihypertensive effect and a good synergy in essential hypertension with hyperinsulinemia.
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@# Objective To analyse the effect of microwave therapy on tennis elbow. Methods 60 patients with tennis elbow during September, 2007 to September, 2008 were divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment received microwave therapy while control group was treated with Diclofenac Diethylamine. All patients were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after the treatment.Results The VAS is lower in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion Microwave therapy is effective on tennis elbow.
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Aim Organotin compounds are important organometallic chemicals with a variety of technical applications.Of these compounds,the trialkyltins,especially tributyltin,triphenyltin and trimethyltin,have been proved to have the distinct ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis and significant antitumor activity.They can induce tumor cell apoptosis through Fas receptor,mitochondrial,Ca 2+,MAPKs,p53,NF-?B and caspase/p38/ROS pathway.This paper reviewed recent progress in the studies on signal transduction in tumor cell apoptosis induced by trialkyltin compounds.
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A number of compounds extracted from plants have cert ain physiological and pharmacological activity.Some of these compounds had been proved to have the ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis and demonstrated antitumor activity depending on their chemical structures.This review focuses on recent progress in the studies about the mechanism of tumor cell apoptosis induced by plant extracts including alkaloids,terpenes and lignans.
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AIM To explore the inhibition in in vitro p roliferation human prostate cancer PC 3 cells induced by melatonin and the effe ct of combination of melatonin and 5-Fu. METHODS Cell growth cu rve, MTT assay, and acid phosphatase(ACP)activity were used to determine cell proliferation. Coomassie brillient blue assay and modified diphenylamine assay w ere used to measure the content of protein and DNA in PC 3 cells. ACP activity was measured by modified phenyl phosphat e method of kind and king and modified method of lowry. Co-administration effec t of MLT and 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)on PC 3 cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. RESULTS The IC 50 of MLT for inhibiting PC 3, CoLo205, K562, and HeLa cell proliferation was(1 20?0 30),(1 27?0 12) ,(1 60?0 16)and(2 25?0 11)mmol?L -1 , respectively. And MLT inhib ited all above cells proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The protein and DNA content and ACP activity in PC 3 cell treated with 2 mmol?L -1 MLT for 96 h were redu ced 58 77%, 54 97% and 89 24%, respectively. When PC 3 cells were treated wi th MLT in combination with 5-Fu 0 5 mg?L -1 , the inhibition rate enhance d. CONCLUSION MLT inhibited PC 3, CoLo205, K562, and HeLa cell p roliferation, and reduced the content of protein and DNA and ACP activity in PC 3 cell. MLT and 5-Fu co-administration enhanced the inhibition rate of PC 3.er.TheproteinandDNAcontentandACPactivityinPC3 celltreatedwith 2mmol?L-1MLTfor 96hwerereduced5 8 77% ,5 4 97%and 89 2 4% ,respectively .WhenPC3 cellsweretreatedwithMLTincombinationwith5 Fu 0 5mg?L-1,theinhibitionrateenhanced .CONCLUSION MLTinhibitedPC3 ,CoLo2 0 5 ,K5 62 ,
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Objective: To observe the pharmacological actions of Shenbao mixture on sex function in mice. Methods: Accessory sex organ weight and sperm activity in normal and model mice with kidney-yang deficiency induced by hydrocortisone were observed. The number of keratocytes,wet weight of the uterus and serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats were examined. Sexual behavior and immune function were also observed. Results: Shenbao mixture can increase the accessory sex organ weight in normal and model mice, enhance the sperm activity and sexual behavior in normal mice and increase the number of vaginal keratocytes, wet weight of the uterus and serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats. Shenbao mixture could also increase the wet weight of the thymus and the spleen and promote the proliferation of lymphocytes in model mice. Conclusion: Shenbao mixture can improve the sex function of mice.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate neoplasm were mainly disease which affect the living of the aging. Melatonin was a mainly hormone secreted by the pineal gland, which had a broad physiological effect. It was reported that melatonin affected the occurrence and development of the two diseases, meanwhile, the special melatonin binding site existed in the prostate tissue had been proved. This review focuses on recent progress in the studies about the aspects.
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Preventive effect of pollen, (at 5～10g/kg/d orally for 1 month) on obe-sity and elevation of lipid in serum and liver was observed in obese mice induced by sub-cutaneous injection of L-monosodium glutamate (MSG)2 mg/g from 1st to 5th day afterbirth. The results showed that in MSG-treated mice the body weight and weight of fatin groin, around kidney, and in abdominal cavity and also the Lee's index were all redu-ced by pollen given orally before onset of obesity caused by MSG and during development.The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum and liver were much higher in theMSG mice than normal mice. These results indicated that ora1 administration of pollencould prevent obesity of MSG treated mice.
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Objective To investigate the insulin and glucagon levels in the patients with different islet cell antibody (ICA) subtypes and to explore the pathogenesis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adult (LADA). Methods Subjects were classified by immunohistology and 29 ICA-peripheral-positive DM patients, 28 ICA-diffused-positive DM patients and 17 controls (ICA-negative) were included. Serum glucose, insulin and plasma glucagon were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120 min after standard meal. Results (1) As compared with controls, glucagon in ICA positive groups were higher (both P